The S4A program is interested in aligning delivery systems and/or financing systems that operate within the three broad domains of medical care, public health and social services. Delivery systems include the organizations, people, information, and materials used to deliver services.  Financing systems include the revenue sources, payment mechanisms, and flow of funds needed to deliver services.

Every program, service or intervention is implemented through a delivery system. A delivery system is the constellation of organizations, people, policies, and resources that allow the program to be implemented for members of the target population. Similarly, a financing system is the constellation of financial resources, funding mechanisms, funders, and payment policies that support implementation of a program or service. Applicants should articulate clearly how they define the delivery and/or financing systems to be aligned through their proposed research.